The hollow earth is filled with giants, germans, and a. The hard, brittle crust extends from earth s surface to the socalled mohorovicic discontinuity, nicknamed the moho. It is the endogenic processes that determine the interior configuration of earth. Indeed, it is because it is inaccessible, hence known only indirectly and. The interior of the earth is a problem at once fascinating and ba. The uppermost solid part of the mantle and the entire crust constitute the lithosphere. Crust, mantle and core are the 3 main divisions of the interior of the earth that are discussed in this video by dr. Earths interior knowledge is limited temperature and pressure increase with depth. Question the structure of earths deep interior cannot be studied directly. The earths interior structure lecture 1 how do we know whats inside the earth. The moho is not located at a uniform depth, but about 10 kilometers 6 miles below the seafloor and about 35 kilometers 22 miles beneath the surface of continents. The interior structure of the earth layers of the earth crust.
A journey to the interior of the earth is jules vernes classic science fiction adventure about professor liedenbrock and his nephew axel who discover an ancient document written by an icelandic adventurer who went to the center of the earth many years before. Basic structure of the interior of the earth 4 major layers. Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about earths interior. One might think that the composition of earth can be easily inferred. Depth of mine 9 km only depth of magma chamber 64 km only analysis on the basis of seismic waves. Suspended in the center of that hollow is an interior sun that is divided by day and night sides, he says, the other part of the hollow earth theory is that near the north and south pole. Constitution of the earths interior discusses the physical and evolutionary principles connecting various elements of the knowledge about structure and dynamics of the earths interior. Thus, geoneutrinos not only allow a means to image the earths interior, but offer a direct measure of the radioactive earth, both revealing the earths inner structure as probed by. Introductory a new idea and a plea for its fair hearing. But geologists use seismic waves to determine the structure. Continental drift continental drift is a theory developed in 1912 by alfred wegener that states that earths continents move on the surface. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins 510 km and are composed of dense iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt. The hollow earth is filled with giants, germans, and a little.
The asthenosphere in between 80200km is a highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile, deforming region of the upper mantle which lies just below the lithosphere. Whatever takes place in the cosmos is unknown to you, and neither will you ever ascertain the laws of nature in such depth that you will be. Core is the most dense layer of the earth with its density. The inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis of systematic processing and evaluation of the traditional and newer theories and conceptions. Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. The core is composed mostly of iron fe and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur s. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. A journey into the interior of the earth by jules verne.
Discuss and describe earth s interior the study of earth s surface and its interior falls under geology. A journey into the interior of the earth jules verne. Earthquakes occur when rock in this layer breaks andor moves there are two major types of crust. Earth s interior is generally divided into three major layers. The heat energy released by this event melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today.
But its properties are studied indirectly by deducing conclusions from the study of earthquake waves that propagate through the interior rocks and other such indirect means. Constitution of the earth s interior discusses the physical and evolutionary principles connecting various elements of the knowledge about structure and dynamics of the earth s interior. Exogenic as well as endogenic processes are constantly shaping the landscape. Earth manual part 1 third edition earth sciences and research laboratory geotechnical research technical service center denver, colorado 1998 u. Pdf probing the earths interior with the lena detector. Crust brittle, rocky outer layer of the earth 540 km thick thinnest layer.
Earths structure layers defined by physical properties depending on the temperature and depth, a particular earth material may behave like a brittle solid, deform in a plasticlike manner, or melt and become liquid main layers of earths interior are based on. More than 90 percent of earths mass is composed of iron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium, elements that can form the crystalline minerals known as silicates. Deciphering the planets history and processes could improve the ability to predict catastrophes like earthquakes and volcanoes, to manage earths resources, and. The asthenosphere is the main source of magma and it is the layer over which the. The first flower ever to appear on the planet opens up to receive the rays of the sun. Configuration of surface of earth is a product of exogenic and endogenic processes in earth. A journey into the interior of the earth jules verne open education project okfn, india open knowledge foundation network, india. While the translation is fairly literal, and malleson a clergyman has taken pains with the scienti. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. Cranky ideas are not in the same class with reasoned and scientific ones.
Plate tectonics then threw the crushed rock back into the interior of the earth, removing the old evidence and turning it into new rock. High temperatures within the mantle cause the solid material to behave in a viscous manner, rather like bitumen used in roading it can be shattered with a hammer but, over time, can flow like a liquid. Origin and evolution of earth division on earth and life. Oct 21, 2015 suspended in the center of that hollow is an interior sun that is divided by day and night sides, he says, the other part of the hollow earth theory is that near the north and south pole. Radial structure, chemical composition, and phase transformations inferring earths composition is a prerequisite to understanding its evolution and dynamics as well as those of planets like it. Direct sources deep ocean drilling reveals humongous information through analysis of materials collected at different depth. The earth formed through the collection of planetesimals over a period of 50 100 million years. Rare diamond reveals earths interior is all wet by becky oskin a battered diamond that survived a trip from hell confirms a longheld theory. Feb 01, 2003 a journey into the interior of the earth imprint.
The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth. The heat from impact of incoming bodies kept the entire earth molten. Apart from the superficial lateral differences near the surface i. Through mining and drilling operations we have been able to observe the earths interior directly only up to a depth of few kilometers. Interestingly, there are two cores noted the inner and the outer. The activity is on page 5253 of the revised august, 2000 edition of tremor. By the end of this period the earth was nearly its present.
The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth. In this article geography section, we discuss the interior of the earth. A journey to the earths interior have the poles really been discovered. Sep 19, 2008 a journey to the interior of the earth is jules vernes classic science fiction adventure about professor liedenbrock and his nephew axel who discover an ancient document written by an icelandic adventurer who went to the center of the earth many years before. Nevertheless, in chemical and mineralogical composition, as in physical properties, earth is far from homogeneous. New theory of the earth is an interdisciplinary advanced textbook on all aspects of the interior of the earth and its origin, composition, and evolution. Byrd in the mysterious land beyond the poles the true origin of the flying saucers dedicated to the future explorers of the new world that exists beyond north and south poles in the hollow interior of the earth. The earths interior is composed of four layers, three solid and one liquidnot magma but molten metal, nearly as hot as the surface of the sun. Prior to this momentous event that heralds an evolutionary transformation in the life. Rare diamond reveals earth s interior is all wet by becky oskin a battered diamond that survived a trip from hell confirms a longheld theory. In the early 20th century, scientists refined the process.
The innermost layer surrounding the earths centre is called core, which is about 3500 kms in radius. These impact cleared small bodies out of the inner solar system so the rate of impacts dropped off by 150 million years. Discuss and describe earths interior the study of earths surface and its interior falls under geology. Question the structure of earth s deep interior cannot be studied directly. Nevada reno this diagram shows us how thin the crust is in relation to the rest of the earth, along with relative sizes of the mantle and core. Open education project help spreading the light of education. Notice also how the chemical composition of the earth varies with depth. The hollow earth the greatest geographical discovery in history made by admiral richard e. Because iron is a metal and conducts electricity even when molten, its motion generates a magnetic field. This work is divided into eight chapters that primarily focus on the physical, chemical, and petrological state. The mantle, divided into two parts of differing viscosity, is composed of silicate rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium compared to the crust. This is accomplished through seismology, which has become the. The interior structure of the earth is composed of three main layers. The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid.
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